McKenzie, Lisa M. and Witter, Roxana Z. and Newman, Lee S. and Adgate, John L. (2012) Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources. Science of The Total Environment, 424. pp. 79-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.018
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Background Technological advances (e.g. directional drilling, hydraulic fracturing), have led to increases in unconventional natural gas development (NGD), raising questions about health impacts. Objectives We estimated health risks for exposures to air emissions from a NGD project in Garfield County, Colorado with the objective of supporting risk prevention recommendations in a health impact assessment (HIA). Methods We used EPA guidance to estimate chronic and subchronic non-cancer hazard indices and cancer risks from exposure to hydrocarbons for two populations: (1) residents living >½ mile from wells and (2) residents living ≤½ mile from wells. Results Residents living ≤½ mile from wells are at greater risk for health effects from NGD than are residents living >½ mile from wells. Subchronic exposures to air pollutants during well completion activities present the greatest potential for health effects. The subchronic non-cancer hazard index (HI) of 5 for residents ≤½ mile from wells was driven primarily by exposure to trimethylbenzenes, xylenes, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Chronic HIs were 1 and 0.4. for residents ≤½ mile from wells and >½ mile from wells, respectively. Cumulative cancer risks were 10 in a million and 6 in a million for residents living ≤½ mile and >½ mile from wells, respectively, with benzene as the major contributor to the risk. Conclusions Risk assessment can be used in HIAs to direct health risk prevention strategies. Risk management approaches should focus on reducing exposures to emissions during well completions. These preliminary results indicate that health effects resulting from air emissions during unconventional NGD warrant further study. Prospective studies should focus on health effects associated with air pollution.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Natural gas development; Risk assessment; Air pollution; Hydrocarbon emissions |
| Application references: | Risk Assessment |
| Subjects: | Inducing technology > Unconventional hydrocarbon extraction Methodology > Method and procesing |
| Project: | SHEER project |